10.46243/jst.2021.v6.i04.pp59-62 registered
An approach for robust digital image watermarking using DWTPCA
Resolves to https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/399
Held by Longman Publishers (India) · prefix 10.46243 live · DOI address https://doi.org/10.46243/jst.2021.v6.i04.pp59-62
Registered 29 Sep 2026 via crossref · record version 2 · last change 29 Sep 2026, 11:59 PM · record sha256 192e6a6e186f6cb3…
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What the DOI identifies
JournalArticle — an article in a journal · Digital · Visual · en
An approach for robust digital image watermarking using DWTPCA (PrincipalTitle)
Published 2021-08-16
Part of Journal of Science & Technology · ISSN 2456-5660 · volume 06 · issue 01 · pages 59–62
Agents
- A. O. Mulani (author)
- G. N. Shinde (author)
- Longman Publishers (publisher)
Identifiers DOI 10.46243/jst.2021.v6.i04.pp59-62
Abstract
A complete approach for watermarking is presented in this System, by using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). There are some watermarking techniques like DCT, DWT, and DWT-SVD, but there is a disadvantage in the watermarking to withstand attacks. Hence the new digital image watermarking algorithm is proposed which provide robust watermarking with minimal amount of distortion in case of attacks. DWT offers scalability and PCA helps in diminishing relationship among the wavelet coefficients acquired from wavelet disintegration of each square in this manner scattering the watermark bits into the interrelated coefficient. Peak signal-tonoise ratio (PSNR) is used as a measure for invisibility in watermarked image. The higher value of PSNR indicates the better invisibility of watermark. whereas similarity between two images by normalized correlation coefficient test the transparency and robustness against various attacks like cropping, noise, rotation, filtering etc. The proposed system should provide the recoverable watermark without any reasonable amount of distortion even in case of attacks
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Each element by the standard's name (Annex B: reference elements, then administrative) and the Handbook's (in grey), read off the record above.
| Element | Value | In the record |
|---|---|---|
| DOI Name DOI name | 10.46243/jst.2021.v6.i04.pp59-62 | doi |
| Referent Type referentType | Creation | referent |
| Referent Sub-Type referentSubType | JournalArticle — an article in a journal | type |
| Referent Name(s) referentName(s) | An approach for robust digital image watermarking using DWTPCA (PrincipalTitle, en) | titles |
| Basic Metadata basicMetadata | author: A. O. Mulani author: G. N. Shinde publisher: Longman Publishers published: 2021-08-16 part of: Journal of Science & Technology · ISSN 2456-5660 · vol. 06 · no. 01 · pp. 59–62 language: en form: Digital · Visual · Language | agents, dates, container, language, structural_type, modes, characters |
| Referent Identifier(s) alternateIdentifier(s) | none besides the DOI | identifiers, relations (IsSameAs) |
| Registration Authority registrationAuthorityCode | Crossref — issued by Crossref (member 25296); held here as a copy | record.source_agency (our code, ra_doi_name, for names issued here once appointed) |
| Created Date issueDate | 2026-09-08 | record.registered (when the DOI name was first registered) |
| relatedIdentifiers | none needed — the descriptive metadata is in this record | container, relations (only where the descriptive metadata lives at another identifier) |
complete Every System Metadata element is here, with the basic metadata a journal article needs.
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History — the ledger
Every change to this DOI, in order, as it was recorded. Entries are only ever added, never changed or removed.
| # | When | What | By | Changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 29 Sep 2026, 10:00 PM | register registered at Crossref; record read from api.crossref.org | Administrator (admin) | 119 fields set · sha256 b6c96ba4aadf… |
| 2 | 29 Sep 2026, 11:59 PM | update record re-read from api.crossref.org | Administrator (admin) | container.titles.0.value: |
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