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The higher value of PSNR indicates the better invisibility of watermark. whereas similarity between two images by normalized correlation coefficient test the transparency and robustness against various attacks like cropping, noise, rotation, filtering etc. The proposed system should provide the recoverable watermark without any reasonable amount of distortion even in case of attacks", "lang": "en" }, "license": { "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "start": "2021-08-16", "applies_to": "vor" }, "references": [ { "key": "ref1", "doi": "10.1016/j.csi.2008.09.031", "unstructured": "Bhatnagar, G. and B. Raman, 2009. “A new robust reference watermarking scheme based DWT-SVD”, Comp. Stand. 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Mulani, “Machine Learning based Autonomous Fire Combat Turret”, Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, Vol.12 No.2 (2021), 2372-2381, https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.2025" }, { "key": "ref22", "doi": "10.11591/eei.v6i2.651", "unstructured": "A.O.Mulani and Dr.P.B.Mane, “Watermarking and Cryptography Based Image Authentication on Reconfigurable Platform”, Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Vol.6 No.2, pp 181-187, 2017" } ], "record": { "registrant": "Longman Publishers", "registered": "2026-09-08", "updated": "2026-09-20", "issue_number": 1, "source": "crossref-api", "source_agency": "Crossref (member 25296)" } }, "url_after": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/399", "sha256_before": null, "sha256_after": "b6c96ba4aadf8f12f600a467afdac1f2903ae3207ddd87f67f73875609ab158f" }, { "seq": 2, "kind": "update", "at": "2026-09-29 23:59:57", "by": "Administrator (admin)", "by_kind": "user", "note": "record re-read from api.crossref.org", "changes": [ { "path": "container.titles.0.value", "from": "Journal of Science & Technology", "to": "Journal of Science & Technology" } ], "record_after": { "format": "smartscholars-doi-metadata/1.0", "doi": "10.46243/jst.2021.v6.i04.pp59-62", "referent": "Creation", "type": "JournalArticle", "structural_type": "Digital", "modes": [ "Visual" ], "characters": [ "Language" ], "titles": [ { "value": "An approach for robust digital image watermarking using DWTPCA", "type": "PrincipalTitle", "lang": "en" } ], "identifiers": [ { "type": "DOI", "value": "10.46243/jst.2021.v6.i04.pp59-62" } ], "agents": [ { "role": "author", "name": { "given": "", "family": "A. 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Shinde" }, "sequence": "additional" }, { "role": "publisher", "name": { "org": "Longman Publishers" } } ], "dates": { "published": "2021-08-16", "date_type": "PublicationDate", "online": "2021-08-16" }, "language": "en", "container": { "type": "Journal", "titles": [ { "value": "Journal of Science & Technology", "type": "PrincipalTitle" } ], "identifiers": [ { "type": "ISSN", "value": "2456-5660", "medium": "electronic" } ], "volume": "06", "issue": "01", "pages": { "first": "59", "last": "62" } }, "links": [ { "url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/399", "return_type": "text/html", "primary": true }, { "url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/399/354", "purpose": "text-mining", "return_type": "application/pdf" }, { "url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/399/2651", "purpose": "text-mining", "return_type": "application/xml" }, { "url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/399/354", "purpose": "similarity-checking" } ], "abstract": { "value": "A complete approach for watermarking is presented in this System, by using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). There are some watermarking techniques like DCT, DWT, and DWT-SVD, but there is a disadvantage in the watermarking to withstand attacks. Hence the new digital image watermarking algorithm is proposed which provide robust watermarking with minimal amount of distortion in case of attacks. DWT offers scalability and PCA helps in diminishing relationship among the wavelet coefficients acquired from wavelet disintegration of each square in this manner scattering the watermark bits into the interrelated coefficient. Peak signal-tonoise ratio (PSNR) is used as a measure for invisibility in watermarked image. The higher value of PSNR indicates the better invisibility of watermark. whereas similarity between two images by normalized correlation coefficient test the transparency and robustness against various attacks like cropping, noise, rotation, filtering etc. The proposed system should provide the recoverable watermark without any reasonable amount of distortion even in case of attacks", "lang": "en" }, "license": { "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "start": "2021-08-16", "applies_to": "vor" }, "references": [ { "key": "ref1", "doi": "10.1016/j.csi.2008.09.031", "unstructured": "Bhatnagar, G. and B. Raman, 2009. “A new robust reference watermarking scheme based DWT-SVD”, Comp. Stand. 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Mane, \"An Efficient implementation of DWT for image compression on reconfigurable platform\", International Journal of Control Theory and Applications, Jan. 2017" }, { "key": "ref16", "doi": "10.1007/978-981-10-1540-3_20", "unstructured": "Kulkarni Priyanka R., Altaf O. Mulani and P. B. Mane, \"Robust Invisible Watermarking for Image Authentication.\" Emerging Trends in Electrical, Communications and Information Technologies: Proceedings of ICECIT-2015. Springer Singapore, 2017" }, { "key": "ref17", "doi": "10.21275/sr211218163155", "unstructured": "Kulkarni Priyanka R., and Altaf O. Mulani. \"Robust Invisible Digital Image Watermarking using Discrete Wavelet Transform.\" International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), Vol. 4. No. 01, Jan" }, { "key": "ref18", "unstructured": "Ganesh Shinde and Altaf Mulani, “A Robust Digital Image Watermarking using DWT-PCA”, International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology (IJIERT), Vol. 6 Issue 4 April 2019" }, { "key": "ref19", "doi": "10.1109/icecds.2017.8390088", "unstructured": "S. S. Swami and A. O. Mulani, “An efficient FPGA implementation of Discrete Wavelet Transform for image compression”, International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS), 2017" }, { "key": "ref20", "doi": "10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i39/101888", "unstructured": "A.O.Mulani and Dr.P.B.Mane, “Area Efficient High Speed FPGA Based Invisible Watermarking for Image Authentication”, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol.9. No.39, Oct. 2016" }, { "key": "ref21", "doi": "10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.2025", "unstructured": "Makrand M Jadhav, Gajanan H. Chavan, and Altaf O. Mulani, “Machine Learning based Autonomous Fire Combat Turret”, Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, Vol.12 No.2 (2021), 2372-2381, https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.2025" }, { "key": "ref22", "doi": "10.11591/eei.v6i2.651", "unstructured": "A.O.Mulani and Dr.P.B.Mane, “Watermarking and Cryptography Based Image Authentication on Reconfigurable Platform”, Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Vol.6 No.2, pp 181-187, 2017" } ], "record": { "registrant": "Longman Publishers", "registered": "2026-09-08", "updated": "2026-09-20", "issue_number": 1, "source": "crossref-api", "source_agency": "Crossref (member 25296)" } }, "url_after": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/399", "sha256_before": "b6c96ba4aadf8f12f600a467afdac1f2903ae3207ddd87f67f73875609ab158f", "sha256_after": "192e6a6e186f6cb34796a08ddebd40fc66067afca38c962f71d4511b4d2e8903" } ] }