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            "value": "Porous media and heat sinks are also technologies used to optimize heat transfer, and a vast field of research has attracted leading researchers [4], [5]. Dong et al. [6] studied a radial HS with triangular fins installed on a concentric cylinder and found that it reduces thermal resistance and mass compared to a reference heat sink. Wu et al. [7] performed a numerical study to investigate how various flow and permeability characteristics affect the efficiency of HS filled with 1Guest Lecturer, PG Research Department of Physics, Sethupathy Government Art’s College, Ramanathapuram - 623502, Tamilnadu India. sgacsssphysics@gmail.com 1*Head and Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Mangayarkarasi College of Arts and Science for Women, Paravai, Madurai-625402, Tamilnadu, India. sutharaja2009@gmail.com 2Assistant Professor, PG Research Department of Chemistry, Ananda College (Affiliated to Alagappa University, Karaikudi), Devakottai, jayachem2511@gmail.com 3Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, m.murali@klu.ac.in 4Head and Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Mangayarkarasi College of Arts and Science for Women, Paravai, Madurai-625402, Tamilnadu, India. sudhamcwphysics@gmail.com DOI:https://doi.org/10.46243/jst.2023.v8.i11.pp37-60 23 S. S. Saravanakumar, K. Logasutha, R. Jayamani, Dr. M. Murali, Mrs. D. Sudha: Mathematical/Statistical Research of Improved Metal Foam Heat Sink with Fe3O4-H2O Nanofluids metal foams at various arrangements. E. Moghadam and J. Moghadam [8] simulated the turbulent flow of Alumina-nf in corrugated heat exchangers and found that adding 4% Al2O3 causes an irreversibility increase of at most 5%. To the same aim, He et al. [9] carried out a numerical analysis of geometrical parameters of ribbed pin micro-dissipators. Ming Jeng et al. [10] experimentally conducted the cooling of square-finned HS with a passage divider by forced water convection. Their results showed that the global Nu improvement is 65% compared to HS without a passage divider and packed brass beads. Khan et al. [11] studied a hybrid nanofluid’s mixed axial heat flow problem through a vertical cylinder filled with irradiated porous foam and a non-uniform heat source/dissipator. Ahmadian-Elmi et al. [12] conducted the effect of a pulsed heat pipe on the geometrical parameters of an MCHS. Yao et al. [13] examined heat transfer and irreversibility of a nonNewtonian nf in a silicon MCHS. Kavitha et al. [14] performed a computational analysis of fine-channel HS using Al2O3/H2Onf and distilled water as cooling fluids. The impact of a jet with a magnetic field can also yield good results in heat transfer and entropy production. Tilehnoee and Barrio [15] analyzed heat transfer and entropy on a surface heated by a slit jet subjected to a uniform magnetic field and cooled by different nanofluids. They demonstrated that magnetic field applications could effectively reduce entropy generation. Wang et al. [16] evaluated an Oldroyd-B fluid’s heat and mass transfer on a surface exposed to thermal radiation and a magnetic field. Furthermore, Tilehnoee et al.[17] considered a heated square container with 16 and 64 cylindrical solid blocks under a magnetic field to evaluate heat transfer and second law of thermodynamics. Entropy generation effects on the flow of three different hybrid nf Carreau-ternary with a magnetic field applied to a 2D stretching area were studied by Ramzan et al.[18]. MHD-improved convection in a metal HS filled with aluminum foam and nf was studied by Izadi et al.[19]. Mass and heat transfer effects on the bio-convective magneto-hydrodynamic peristaltic transport of Powell-Eyring nf through a curved channel with a radius-dependent magnetic field were studied by Iqbal et al.[20]. Flow and heat transfer characteristics of nf jet impaction on an MCHS with corrugated bottom were proposed and numerically studied by Cheng et al.[21]. Kushawaha et al.[22] examined a numerical study of 2D natural convection with inclined magnetic forces of Fe3O4-H2O nf and Cu-H2O non-magnetic nf inside a concentrated and exo-concentrated heated enclosure. They concluded that, at a higher value of φ %, the percentage of mass transfer reduction is 10% for Fe3O4-H2O and 12% for Cu-H2O nf. Reddy et al.[23] studied porosity effects in which radiation and viscous dissipation are present on heat and mass transfer by 2D unsteady MHD mixed convection at the standing point. A two-phase mixing model was employed by Baghraz et al.[24] to study the role of np sedimentation on the characteristics of natural convection heat transfer within a porous channel filled with Al2O3H2O nf through time. Five rib configurations in the interrupted micro chambers of the MCHSs were analyzed by Chai and Wang[25] to identify their thermal-hydraulic performances. Several studies have been investigated to ac",
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