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    "title": "Estimation of blood lipid profile to study dyslipidemia in patients with hypertension, diabetes, liver and kidney disease",
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            "value": "Introduction: Lipotoxicity is a consequence of hyperlipidemia, in which the accumulation of lipids and cholesterol in the arteries contributes to atherosclerosis and may damage vital organs, including the heart and kidneys, leading to cardiovascular and other systemic disorders. Methods: Fasting blood samples were collected and analyzed using an automated biochemistry analyzer to evaluate lipid profiles. The study included 101 participants distributed among groups with hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, and liver disease, together with a control group without these conditions. At least 20 volunteers were included in each group, with participants ranging in age from 18 to 70 years. The collected data were statistically analyzed using the independent two-sample t-test. Results: Participants with hypertension and diabetes showed significantly higher mean levels of low-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triglycerides compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Lipid levels were also significantly higher among participants with kidney disease than among controls (p < 0.05), while high-density lipoprotein levels did not differ significantly. Participants with liver disease exhibited significantly higher mean triglyceride and very-low-density lipoprotein levels compared with the control group (p < 0.05). High-density lipoprotein levels were significantly lower in individuals with liver disease at the 90% confidence level. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate an association between hyperlipidemia and hypertension, diabetes, liver disease, and renal disease. Elevated blood pressure and diabetes were also observed in a substantial proportion of participants with renal and hepatic dysfunction, highlighting the importance of lipid-profile assessment in individuals with these conditions.",
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