{ "ok": true, "doi": "10.46243/jst.2025.v10.i6.pp37-47", "events": [ { "seq": 1, "kind": "register", "at": "2026-09-29 22:00:32", "by": "Administrator (admin)", "by_kind": "user", "note": "registered at Crossref; record read from api.crossref.org", "changes": [ { "path": "abstract.lang", "from": null, "to": "en" }, { "path": "abstract.value", "from": null, "to": "death because they increase the likelihood of harmful treatment. Antimicrobial resistance statistics therefore aid in determining optimal patient care. Consequently, the purpose of this research was to examine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of third-generation cephalosporin medications at Jimma University Specialized Teaching Hospital. Methods. From April to August 2016, researchers at Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH) performed a prospective cross-sectional study in a hospital setting. Patients in hospitals had their urine, sputum, wound swabs, and feces collected for clinical purposes. Following this, the usual microbiological procedures were followed in order to isolate and identify the bacterial species. Using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique, we tested the susceptibility of different microorganisms to antimicrobials. Final product. Out of a total of 248 bacterial isolates, 154 (62.1%) were found in male patients and 94 (37.0%) were found in female patients. Specimens were most often found to include Escherichia coli (25.4% of the total) and Staphylococcus aureus (19.0%). Approximately 56.5% of the total bacterial isolates (140) and 60.1% (149) were determined to be ceftriaxone and ceftazidime resistant, respectively. Most of the Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone (73%) and ceftazidime (65%), with 41 (65%) of the isolates showing resistance to both drugs. Of all the germs tested, 19% were Staphylococcus aureus, and of those, 23.4 percent were resistant to ceftriaxone and 33.4 percent to ceftazidime, respectively. Out of the bacterial strains that showed resistance to ceftriazone and ceftazidime, about 109 (44% of the total) were also resistant to two, three, or four additional medicines. In summary. More and more bacterial strains are showing resistance to thirdgeneration cephalosporins, such as ceftriaxone and ceftazidime. This indicates that the problem is becoming worse. Treatment may fail because some bacteria have shown multidrug resistance, especially to medicines used in clinical settings. 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was published in 2010 by the International Journal of Medical Microbiology and was written by Y. Pfeifer, A. Cullik, and W. Witte" }, { "path": "references.10.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.1186/1476-0711-12-28" }, { "path": "references.10.key", "from": null, "to": "ref11" }, { "path": "references.10.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "A sustainable surveillance system is urgently needed to address the issue of antimicrobial resistance in human and animal pathogens in Zambia, Mozambique, Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Mozambique and Tanzania, according to an article published in 2013 in the Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials (vol. 12, article 28)" }, { "path": "references.11.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.1186/1476-0711-3-7" }, { "path": "references.11.key", "from": null, "to": "ref12" }, { "path": "references.11.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "“Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients in the United States in 2002,” published in the Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials in 2004, was written by J. A. Karlowsky, M. E. Jones, D. C. Draghi, C. Thornsberry, D. F. Sahm, and G. A. Volturo" }, { "path": "references.12.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.1371/journal.pone.0177266" }, { "path": "references.12.key", "from": null, "to": "ref13" }, { "path": "references.12.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "“Antibiotic resistance rates and physician antibiotic prescription patterns of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in southern Chinese primary care,” published in PLoS ONE, volume 12, issue 5, 2017. [13]C. K. M. Wong, K. Kung, P. L. W. Au-Doung et al" }, { "path": "references.13.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.1002/9781118675014.ch2" }, { "path": "references.13.key", "from": null, "to": "ref14" }, { "path": "references.13.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "In “Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine,” edited by S. Giguere, J. F. Prescott, J. D. Baggot, R. D. Walker, and P. M. Dowling, published by Blackwell Publishing in 2007, “Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and interpretation of results” is referenced as page 14" }, { "path": "references.14.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.4103/0976-9668.116970" }, { "path": "references.14.key", "from": null, "to": "ref15" }, { "path": "references.14.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "In 2013, the Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine published a review titled “Antimicrobial resistance in India: A review” with authors S. Ganesh Kumar, C. Adithan, B. N. Harish, S. Sujatha, G. Roy, and A. Malini. The article can be found on pages 286-291" }, { "path": "references.15.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.1098/rstb.2014.0080" }, { "path": "references.15.key", "from": null, "to": "ref16" }, { "path": "references.15.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "For example, in 2015, A. P. Johnson published an article titled “Surveillance of antibiotic resistance” in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, volume 370, issue 1670" }, { "path": "references.16.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.1186/s13054-016-1320-7" }, { "path": "references.16.key", "from": null, "to": "ref17" }, { "path": "references.16.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "“Antibiotic strategies in the era of multidrug resistance,” Critical Care, vol. 20, article 136, 2016, by G. Karam, J. Chastre, M. H. Wilcox, and J. Vincent" }, { "path": "references.17.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.1186/1756-0500-7-687" }, { "path": "references.17.key", "from": null, "to": "ref18" }, { "path": "references.17.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "Urinary tract bacterial infection prevalence and antibiotic resistance in the Dessie district of northeastern Ethiopia: a study by A. A. Abejew, A. A. Denboba, and A. G. Mekonnen was published in 2014 in BMC Research Notes, volume 7, issue 1, article 687" }, { "path": "references.18.key", "from": null, "to": "ref19" }, { "path": "references.18.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, USA, 2006, Part II: District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries, by M. Cheesbourgh" }, { "path": "references.19.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.1155/2018/5070742" }, { "path": "references.19.key", "from": null, "to": "ref20" }, { "path": "references.19.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "Elsevier, New York, NY, USA, 2011 edition, by B V RAMANA, S.K.RUBINA, M SANTOSH RAJA A HEMANTH, S.AFREEN JEHA: Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Different Clinical Isolates against Third-Generation Cephalosporins C. Mahon, D. Lehman, and G. Manuselis, Iowa" }, { "path": "references.2.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.1016/j.tcmj.2015.01.003" }, { "path": "references.2.key", "from": null, "to": "ref3" }, { "path": "references.2.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "The article “Emerging diseases in Bangladesh: Current microbiological research perspective” was published in the Tzu Chi Medical Journal in 2015 and was written by R. Noor and M. S. Munna" }, { "path": "references.20.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.1093/ajcp/45.4_ts.493" }, { "path": "references.20.key", "from": null, "to": "ref21" }, { "path": "references.20.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "“Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method,” published in the American Journal of Clinical Pathology in 1966, was written by A. W. Bauer, W. M. Kirby, J. C. Sherris, and M. Turck" }, { "path": "references.21.key", "from": null, "to": "ref22" }, { "path": "references.21.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "The authors of the 2012 version of the Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests are R. C. Franklin, A. W. Matthew, A. Jeff, N. D. Michael, M. E. George, and J. F. Mary" }, { "path": "references.22.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.1186/1756-0500-6-487" }, { "path": "references.22.key", "from": null, "to": "ref23" }, { "path": "references.22.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "This information is sourced from a 2013 study by A. Chander and C. D. Shrestha published in BMC Research Notes, volume 6, article 487. The study examined the prevalence of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae urine isolates at a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal" }, { "path": "references.23.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.2807/ese.16.40.19983-en" }, { "path": "references.23.key", "from": null, "to": "ref24" }, { "path": "references.23.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "A study conducted by Asensio et al. (2011) examined the antibiotic usage and trends in the incidence of third-generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections in Spanish hospitals from 1999 to 2010. The results were published in Eurosurveillance, volume 16, issue 40" }, { "path": "references.24.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20160813" }, { "path": "references.24.key", "from": null, "to": "ref25" }, { "path": "references.24.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "The following is an excerpt from an article published in 2016 in the International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: “Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic E. coli among people in Zakho, Iraq.” The authors of the article are R. Polse, S. Yousif, and M. Assafi" }, { "path": "references.25.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.12669/pjms.302.4289" }, { "path": "references.25.key", "from": null, "to": "ref26" }, { "path": "references.25.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "E. coli isolation and antibiotic susceptibility from published in 2014 in the Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, with title “Urinary tract infections in a tertiary care hospital,” with pages 389–392" }, { "path": "references.26.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.12980/jclm.4.2016j5-247" }, { "path": "references.26.key", "from": null, "to": "ref27" }, { "path": "references.26.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "In 2016, the Journal of Coastal Life Medicine published an article by S. Eshetie, F. Tarekegn, G. Kumera, and F. Mekonnen titled “Mul-tidrug resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine sample, University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.” The article can be found on pages 140–142" }, { "path": "references.27.key", "from": null, "to": "ref28" }, { "path": "references.27.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "in In a 2002 article published in the Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, A. Subha and S. Ananthan investigated the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Chennai and found that some of the bacteria had developed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. The study spanned pages 92 to 95" }, { "path": "references.28.key", "from": null, "to": "ref29" }, { "path": "references.28.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "In the 2015 issue of the Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences, S. S. Hagi, H. Mobaiyen, and Z. Bayatmakoo published an article titled “Antibiotic susceptibility of aerobic gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients admitted in intensive care units of Sina Hospital, Tabriz, Iran,” with a total of 71 pages" }, { "path": "references.29.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.4314/ajid.v7i1.2" }, { "path": "references.29.key", "from": null, "to": "ref30" }, { "path": "references.29.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "A case report and literature analysis published in the 2013 issue of the African Journal of Infectious Diseases discusses the increasing resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae and the need to broaden our antibiogram. The article is numbered 7, issue 1, and the authors are M. A. Garbati and A. I. A. Godhair" }, { "path": "references.3.key", "from": null, "to": "ref4" }, { "path": "references.3.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "As stated in S. Levy’s 2002 book The Antibiotic Paradox, published by Perseus Cambridge, the overuse of antibiotics renders them useless for preventing disease" }, { "path": "references.30.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.4238/2015.october.5.17" }, { "path": "references.30.key", "from": null, "to": "ref31" }, { "path": "references.30.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "In a 2015 article published in Genetics and Molecular Research, the authors (S. Y. Huang, K. Y. Pan, X. Q. Liu et al.) analyzed the drugresistant traits of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from the respiratory tract and the CTX-M ESBL genes. The study spanned pages 12043–12048" }, { "path": "references.31.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.21161/mjm.13409" }, { "path": "references.31.key", "from": null, "to": "ref32" }, { "path": "references.31.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "“Prevalence of antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates of Kleibsiella pneumoniaeisolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan,” published in the 2009 issue of the Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, was written by A. Amin, P. B. Ghumro, S. Hussain, and A. Hameed" }, { "path": "references.32.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.5001/omj.2010.56" }, { "path": "references.32.key", "from": null, "to": "ref33" }, { "path": "references.32.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "An in vitro susceptibility test of several clinical isolates against ceftriaxone was published in the 2010 issue of the Oman Medical Journal by S. H. Masood and N. Aslam. The article can be found on pages 199–202" }, { "path": "references.33.key", "from": null, "to": "ref34" }, { "path": "references.33.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "H. K. Hashmi, S. N. Baqir, D. Sheikh, and H. M. Shoaib published an article in the Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2001 titled “Cephalosporin resistance and-lactamase production in clin-ical isolates of staphylococcus aureus in Karachi” (vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 23-32)" }, { "path": "references.34.key", "from": null, "to": "ref35" }, { "path": "references.34.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "“Assessment of antibiotics susceptibil-ity profiles of some selected clinical isolates from laboratories in Nigeria,” Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 019-026, 2009, by A. O. Nkang, I. O. Okonko, O. K. Mejeha, O. G. Adewale, A. O. Udeze, and A. 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B V RAMANA, S.K.RUBINA, M SANTOSH RAJA A HEMANTH, S.AFREEN JEHA: Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Different Clinical Isolates against Third-Generation Cephalosporins" }, { "path": "references.36.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.1590/s0043-31442006000300011" }, { "path": "references.36.key", "from": null, "to": "ref37" }, { "path": "references.36.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "The authors of the 2006 article “Noso-comial urinary tract infections: Micro-organisms, antibiotic sensitivities and risk factors” were L. Savas, S. Guvel, Y. Onlen, N. Savas, and N. D. Duran. The article was published in the West Indian Medical Journal, volume 55, issue 3, and lasted from pages 188 to 193" }, { "path": "references.37.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.54393/fbt.v1i01.1" }, { "path": "references.37.key", "from": null, "to": "ref38" }, { "path": "references.37.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "Citation: “Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract infection” (I. U. Khan, I. A. Mirza, A. Ikram et al., 2014, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 840-844, Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan)" }, { "path": "references.38.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.1186/1756-0500-5-38" }, { "path": "references.38.key", "from": null, "to": "ref39" }, { "path": "references.38.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "In their study published in BMC Research Notes, P. Baral, S. Neupane, B. P. Marasini, K. R. Ghimire, B. Lekhak, and B. Shrestha found that bacterial uropathogens from Kathmandu, Nepal, had a high incidence of multidrug resistance" }, { "path": "references.4.key", "from": null, "to": "ref5" }, { "path": "references.4.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "“The challenge of antibiotic resistance; need to contemplate,” published in the Indian Journal of Medical Research in 2005, volume 121, issue 2, pages 83-91" }, { "path": "references.5.key", "from": null, "to": "ref6" }, { "path": "references.5.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "The article “The antibiotic resistance crisis—part 1: causes and threats” was written by C. L. Ventola and was published in 2015 in the journal P&T" }, { "path": "references.6.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.4137/pmc.s14459" }, { "path": "references.6.key", "from": null, "to": "ref7" }, { "path": "references.6.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "The article “Antibiotics and bacterial resistance in the 21st century” was published in 2014 by Perspectives in Medicinal Chemistry and was written by R. J. Fair and Y. Tor" }, { "path": "references.7.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.1179/2047773215y.0000000030" }, { "path": "references.7.key", "from": null, "to": "ref8" }, { "path": "references.7.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "The article “Antimicrobial resistance: A global multifaceted phenomenon” was published in 2015 in the journal Pathogens and worldwide Health and was written by F. Prestinaci, P. Pezzotti, and A. Pantosti" }, { "path": "references.8.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.1016/j.cmi.2015.12.002" }, { "path": "references.8.key", "from": null, "to": "ref9" }, { "path": "references.8.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "The detrimental effects of antibiotic resistance were discussed in a 2016 article by N. D. Friedman, E. Temkin, and Y. Carmeli in Clinical Microbiology and Infection, volume 22, issue 5, pages 416–422" }, { "path": "references.9.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.1038/nm1145" }, { "path": "references.9.key", "from": null, "to": "ref10" }, { "path": "references.9.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "The article “Antibacterial resistance worldwide: causes, challenges and responses” was published in 2004 in the journal Nature Medicine and was written by S. B. Levy and B. Marshall" }, { "path": "referent", "from": null, "to": "Creation" }, { "path": "structural_type", "from": null, "to": "Digital" }, { "path": "titles.0.lang", "from": null, "to": "en" }, { "path": "titles.0.type", "from": null, "to": "PrincipalTitle" }, { "path": "titles.0.value", "from": null, "to": "AntimicrobialResistanceProfileofDifferentClinicalIsolatesagainstThird-GenerationCephalosporins" }, { "path": "type", "from": null, "to": "JournalArticle" } ], "record_after": { "format": "smartscholars-doi-metadata/1.0", "doi": "10.46243/jst.2025.v10.i6.pp37-47", "referent": "Creation", "type": "JournalArticle", "structural_type": "Digital", "modes": [ "Visual" ], "characters": [ "Language" ], "titles": [ { "value": "AntimicrobialResistanceProfileofDifferentClinicalIsolatesagainstThird-GenerationCephalosporins", "type": "PrincipalTitle", "lang": "en" } ], "identifiers": [ { "type": "DOI", "value": "10.46243/jst.2025.v10.i6.pp37-47" } ], "agents": [ { "role": "author", "name": { "given": "", "family": "DRBVRAMANA" }, "sequence": "first" }, { "role": "author", "name": { "given": "", "family": "S.K.RUBINA" }, "sequence": "additional" }, { "role": "author", "name": { "given": "", "family": "DRMSANTOSHRAJA" }, "sequence": "additional" }, { "role": "author", "name": { "given": "", "family": "AHEMANTH" }, "sequence": "additional" }, { "role": "author", "name": { "given": "", "family": "S.AFREENJEHA" }, "sequence": "additional" }, { "role": "publisher", "name": { "org": "Longman Publishers" } } ], "dates": { "published": "2025-06-20", "date_type": "PublicationDate", "online": "2025-06-20" }, "language": "en", "container": { "type": "Journal", "titles": [ { "value": "Journal of Science & Technology", "type": "PrincipalTitle" } ], "identifiers": [ { "type": "ISSN", "value": "2456-5660", "medium": "electronic" } ], "volume": "10", "issue": "06", "pages": { "first": "37", "last": "47" } }, "links": [ { "url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/1373", "return_type": "text/html", "primary": true }, { "url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/1373/1019", "purpose": "text-mining", "return_type": "application/pdf" }, { "url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/1373/1187", "purpose": "text-mining", "return_type": "application/xml" }, { "url": "https://jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/1373/1019", "purpose": "similarity-checking" } ], "abstract": { "value": "death because they increase the likelihood of harmful treatment. Antimicrobial resistance statistics therefore aid in determining optimal patient care. Consequently, the purpose of this research was to examine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of third-generation cephalosporin medications at Jimma University Specialized Teaching Hospital. Methods. From April to August 2016, researchers at Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH) performed a prospective cross-sectional study in a hospital setting. Patients in hospitals had their urine, sputum, wound swabs, and feces collected for clinical purposes. Following this, the usual microbiological procedures were followed in order to isolate and identify the bacterial species. Using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique, we tested the susceptibility of different microorganisms to antimicrobials. Final product. Out of a total of 248 bacterial isolates, 154 (62.1%) were found in male patients and 94 (37.0%) were found in female patients. Specimens were most often found to include Escherichia coli (25.4% of the total) and Staphylococcus aureus (19.0%). Approximately 56.5% of the total bacterial isolates (140) and 60.1% (149) were determined to be ceftriaxone and ceftazidime resistant, respectively. Most of the Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone (73%) and ceftazidime (65%), with 41 (65%) of the isolates showing resistance to both drugs. Of all the germs tested, 19% were Staphylococcus aureus, and of those, 23.4 percent were resistant to ceftriaxone and 33.4 percent to ceftazidime, respectively. Out of the bacterial strains that showed resistance to ceftriazone and ceftazidime, about 109 (44% of the total) were also resistant to two, three, or four additional medicines. In summary. More and more bacterial strains are showing resistance to thirdgeneration cephalosporins, such as ceftriaxone and ceftazidime. This indicates that the problem is becoming worse. Treatment may fail because some bacteria have shown multidrug resistance, especially to medicines used in clinical settings. Thus, antimicrobial susceptibility test results should inform the selection of suitable drugs for clinical usage", "lang": "en" }, "license": { "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "start": "2025-06-20", "applies_to": "vor" }, "references": [ { "key": "ref1", "unstructured": "In Essential Drugs Monitor, World Health Organization, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance: A Worldwide Concern, 2000, Geneva, Switzerland" }, { "key": "ref2", "doi": "10.1016/j.ijmm.2010.04.005", "unstructured": "The article “Resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems in Gram-negative bacterial pathogens” was published in 2010 by the International Journal of Medical Microbiology and was written by Y. Pfeifer, A. Cullik, and W. Witte" }, { "key": "ref3", "doi": "10.1016/j.tcmj.2015.01.003", "unstructured": "The article “Emerging diseases in Bangladesh: Current microbiological research perspective” was published in the Tzu Chi Medical Journal in 2015 and was written by R. Noor and M. S. Munna" }, { "key": "ref4", "unstructured": "As stated in S. Levy’s 2002 book The Antibiotic Paradox, published by Perseus Cambridge, the overuse of antibiotics renders them useless for preventing disease" }, { "key": "ref5", "unstructured": "“The challenge of antibiotic resistance; need to contemplate,” published in the Indian Journal of Medical Research in 2005, volume 121, issue 2, pages 83-91" }, { "key": "ref6", "unstructured": "The article “The antibiotic resistance crisis—part 1: causes and threats” was written by C. L. Ventola and was published in 2015 in the journal P&T" }, { "key": "ref7", "doi": "10.4137/pmc.s14459", "unstructured": "The article “Antibiotics and bacterial resistance in the 21st century” was published in 2014 by Perspectives in Medicinal Chemistry and was written by R. J. Fair and Y. Tor" }, { "key": "ref8", "doi": "10.1179/2047773215y.0000000030", "unstructured": "The article “Antimicrobial resistance: A global multifaceted phenomenon” was published in 2015 in the journal Pathogens and worldwide Health and was written by F. Prestinaci, P. Pezzotti, and A. Pantosti" }, { "key": "ref9", "doi": "10.1016/j.cmi.2015.12.002", "unstructured": "The detrimental effects of antibiotic resistance were discussed in a 2016 article by N. D. Friedman, E. Temkin, and Y. Carmeli in Clinical Microbiology and Infection, volume 22, issue 5, pages 416–422" }, { "key": "ref10", "doi": "10.1038/nm1145", "unstructured": "The article “Antibacterial resistance worldwide: causes, challenges and responses” was published in 2004 in the journal Nature Medicine and was written by S. B. Levy and B. Marshall" }, { "key": "ref11", "doi": "10.1186/1476-0711-12-28", "unstructured": "A sustainable surveillance system is urgently needed to address the issue of antimicrobial resistance in human and animal pathogens in Zambia, Mozambique, Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Mozambique and Tanzania, according to an article published in 2013 in the Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials (vol. 12, article 28)" }, { "key": "ref12", "doi": "10.1186/1476-0711-3-7", "unstructured": "“Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients in the United States in 2002,” published in the Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials in 2004, was written by J. A. Karlowsky, M. E. Jones, D. C. Draghi, C. Thornsberry, D. F. Sahm, and G. A. Volturo" }, { "key": "ref13", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0177266", "unstructured": "“Antibiotic resistance rates and physician antibiotic prescription patterns of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in southern Chinese primary care,” published in PLoS ONE, volume 12, issue 5, 2017. [13]C. K. M. Wong, K. Kung, P. L. W. Au-Doung et al" }, { "key": "ref14", "doi": "10.1002/9781118675014.ch2", "unstructured": "In “Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine,” edited by S. Giguere, J. F. Prescott, J. D. Baggot, R. D. Walker, and P. M. Dowling, published by Blackwell Publishing in 2007, “Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and interpretation of results” is referenced as page 14" }, { "key": "ref15", "doi": "10.4103/0976-9668.116970", "unstructured": "In 2013, the Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine published a review titled “Antimicrobial resistance in India: A review” with authors S. Ganesh Kumar, C. Adithan, B. N. Harish, S. Sujatha, G. Roy, and A. Malini. The article can be found on pages 286-291" }, { "key": "ref16", "doi": "10.1098/rstb.2014.0080", "unstructured": "For example, in 2015, A. P. Johnson published an article titled “Surveillance of antibiotic resistance” in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, volume 370, issue 1670" }, { "key": "ref17", "doi": "10.1186/s13054-016-1320-7", "unstructured": "“Antibiotic strategies in the era of multidrug resistance,” Critical Care, vol. 20, article 136, 2016, by G. Karam, J. Chastre, M. H. Wilcox, and J. Vincent" }, { "key": "ref18", "doi": "10.1186/1756-0500-7-687", "unstructured": "Urinary tract bacterial infection prevalence and antibiotic resistance in the Dessie district of northeastern Ethiopia: a study by A. A. Abejew, A. A. Denboba, and A. G. Mekonnen was published in 2014 in BMC Research Notes, volume 7, issue 1, article 687" }, { "key": "ref19", "unstructured": "Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, USA, 2006, Part II: District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries, by M. Cheesbourgh" }, { "key": "ref20", "doi": "10.1155/2018/5070742", "unstructured": "Elsevier, New York, NY, USA, 2011 edition, by B V RAMANA, S.K.RUBINA, M SANTOSH RAJA A HEMANTH, S.AFREEN JEHA: Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Different Clinical Isolates against Third-Generation Cephalosporins C. Mahon, D. Lehman, and G. Manuselis, Iowa" }, { "key": "ref21", "doi": "10.1093/ajcp/45.4_ts.493", "unstructured": "“Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method,” published in the American Journal of Clinical Pathology in 1966, was written by A. W. Bauer, W. M. Kirby, J. C. Sherris, and M. Turck" }, { "key": "ref22", "unstructured": "The authors of the 2012 version of the Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests are R. C. Franklin, A. W. Matthew, A. Jeff, N. D. Michael, M. E. George, and J. F. Mary" }, { "key": "ref23", "doi": "10.1186/1756-0500-6-487", "unstructured": "This information is sourced from a 2013 study by A. Chander and C. D. Shrestha published in BMC Research Notes, volume 6, article 487. The study examined the prevalence of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae urine isolates at a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal" }, { "key": "ref24", "doi": "10.2807/ese.16.40.19983-en", "unstructured": "A study conducted by Asensio et al. (2011) examined the antibiotic usage and trends in the incidence of third-generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections in Spanish hospitals from 1999 to 2010. The results were published in Eurosurveillance, volume 16, issue 40" }, { "key": "ref25", "doi": "10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20160813", "unstructured": "The following is an excerpt from an article published in 2016 in the International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: “Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic E. coli among people in Zakho, Iraq.” The authors of the article are R. Polse, S. Yousif, and M. Assafi" }, { "key": "ref26", "doi": "10.12669/pjms.302.4289", "unstructured": "E. coli isolation and antibiotic susceptibility from published in 2014 in the Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, with title “Urinary tract infections in a tertiary care hospital,” with pages 389–392" }, { "key": "ref27", "doi": "10.12980/jclm.4.2016j5-247", "unstructured": "In 2016, the Journal of Coastal Life Medicine published an article by S. Eshetie, F. Tarekegn, G. Kumera, and F. Mekonnen titled “Mul-tidrug resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine sample, University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.” The article can be found on pages 140–142" }, { "key": "ref28", "unstructured": "in In a 2002 article published in the Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, A. Subha and S. Ananthan investigated the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Chennai and found that some of the bacteria had developed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. The study spanned pages 92 to 95" }, { "key": "ref29", "unstructured": "In the 2015 issue of the Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences, S. S. Hagi, H. Mobaiyen, and Z. Bayatmakoo published an article titled “Antibiotic susceptibility of aerobic gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients admitted in intensive care units of Sina Hospital, Tabriz, Iran,” with a total of 71 pages" }, { "key": "ref30", "doi": "10.4314/ajid.v7i1.2", "unstructured": "A case report and literature analysis published in the 2013 issue of the African Journal of Infectious Diseases discusses the increasing resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae and the need to broaden our antibiogram. The article is numbered 7, issue 1, and the authors are M. A. Garbati and A. I. A. Godhair" }, { "key": "ref31", "doi": "10.4238/2015.october.5.17", "unstructured": "In a 2015 article published in Genetics and Molecular Research, the authors (S. Y. Huang, K. Y. Pan, X. Q. Liu et al.) analyzed the drugresistant traits of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from the respiratory tract and the CTX-M ESBL genes. The study spanned pages 12043–12048" }, { "key": "ref32", "doi": "10.21161/mjm.13409", "unstructured": "“Prevalence of antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates of Kleibsiella pneumoniaeisolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan,” published in the 2009 issue of the Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, was written by A. Amin, P. B. Ghumro, S. Hussain, and A. Hameed" }, { "key": "ref33", "doi": "10.5001/omj.2010.56", "unstructured": "An in vitro susceptibility test of several clinical isolates against ceftriaxone was published in the 2010 issue of the Oman Medical Journal by S. H. Masood and N. Aslam. The article can be found on pages 199–202" }, { "key": "ref34", "unstructured": "H. K. Hashmi, S. N. Baqir, D. Sheikh, and H. M. Shoaib published an article in the Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2001 titled “Cephalosporin resistance and-lactamase production in clin-ical isolates of staphylococcus aureus in Karachi” (vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 23-32)" }, { "key": "ref35", "unstructured": "“Assessment of antibiotics susceptibil-ity profiles of some selected clinical isolates from laboratories in Nigeria,” Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 019-026, 2009, by A. O. Nkang, I. O. Okonko, O. K. Mejeha, O. G. Adewale, A. O. Udeze, and A. Fowotade" }, { "key": "ref36", "doi": "10.1186/s12879-016-1935-y", "unstructured": "The “High third-generation cephalosporin resistant Enterobacteriaceae prevalence rate among neonatal infections in Dakar, Senegal” was published in 2016 in the journal BMC Infectious Diseases and was authored by S. Breurec, C. Bouchiat, J.-M. Sire, and others. B V RAMANA, S.K.RUBINA, M SANTOSH RAJA A HEMANTH, S.AFREEN JEHA: Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Different Clinical Isolates against Third-Generation Cephalosporins" }, { "key": "ref37", "doi": "10.1590/s0043-31442006000300011", "unstructured": "The authors of the 2006 article “Noso-comial urinary tract infections: Micro-organisms, antibiotic sensitivities and risk factors” were L. Savas, S. Guvel, Y. Onlen, N. Savas, and N. D. Duran. The article was published in the West Indian Medical Journal, volume 55, issue 3, and lasted from pages 188 to 193" }, { "key": "ref38", "doi": "10.54393/fbt.v1i01.1", "unstructured": "Citation: “Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract infection” (I. U. Khan, I. A. Mirza, A. Ikram et al., 2014, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 840-844, Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan)" }, { "key": "ref39", "doi": "10.1186/1756-0500-5-38", "unstructured": "In their study published in BMC Research Notes, P. Baral, S. Neupane, B. P. Marasini, K. R. Ghimire, B. Lekhak, and B. Shrestha found that bacterial uropathogens from Kathmandu, Nepal, had a high incidence of multidrug resistance" } ], "record": { "registrant": "Longman Publishers", "registered": "2026-08-27", "updated": "2026-09-20", "issue_number": 1, "source": "crossref-api", "source_agency": "Crossref (member 25296)" } }, "url_after": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/1373", "sha256_before": null, "sha256_after": "8abb84e26be61454b75b0d2fdf3e8953329ddd8db1d331618eaa11e98eb3a268" }, { "seq": 2, "kind": "update", "at": "2026-09-29 23:59:51", "by": "Administrator (admin)", "by_kind": "user", "note": "record re-read from api.crossref.org", "changes": [ { "path": "container.titles.0.value", "from": "Journal of Science & Technology", "to": "Journal of Science & Technology" } ], "record_after": { "format": "smartscholars-doi-metadata/1.0", "doi": "10.46243/jst.2025.v10.i6.pp37-47", "referent": "Creation", "type": "JournalArticle", "structural_type": "Digital", "modes": [ "Visual" ], "characters": [ "Language" ], "titles": [ { "value": "AntimicrobialResistanceProfileofDifferentClinicalIsolatesagainstThird-GenerationCephalosporins", "type": "PrincipalTitle", "lang": "en" } ], "identifiers": [ { "type": "DOI", "value": "10.46243/jst.2025.v10.i6.pp37-47" } ], "agents": [ { "role": "author", "name": { "given": "", "family": "DRBVRAMANA" }, "sequence": "first" }, { "role": "author", "name": { "given": "", "family": "S.K.RUBINA" }, "sequence": "additional" }, { "role": "author", "name": { "given": "", "family": "DRMSANTOSHRAJA" }, "sequence": "additional" }, { "role": "author", "name": { "given": "", "family": "AHEMANTH" }, "sequence": "additional" }, { "role": "author", "name": { "given": "", "family": "S.AFREENJEHA" }, "sequence": "additional" }, { "role": "publisher", "name": { "org": "Longman Publishers" } } ], "dates": { "published": "2025-06-20", "date_type": "PublicationDate", "online": "2025-06-20" }, "language": "en", "container": { "type": "Journal", "titles": [ { "value": "Journal of Science & Technology", "type": "PrincipalTitle" } ], "identifiers": [ { "type": "ISSN", "value": "2456-5660", "medium": "electronic" } ], "volume": "10", "issue": "06", "pages": { "first": "37", "last": "47" } }, "links": [ { "url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/1373", "return_type": "text/html", "primary": true }, { "url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/1373/1019", "purpose": "text-mining", "return_type": "application/pdf" }, { "url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/1373/1187", "purpose": "text-mining", "return_type": "application/xml" }, { "url": "https://jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/1373/1019", "purpose": "similarity-checking" } ], "abstract": { "value": "death because they increase the likelihood of harmful treatment. Antimicrobial resistance statistics therefore aid in determining optimal patient care. Consequently, the purpose of this research was to examine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of third-generation cephalosporin medications at Jimma University Specialized Teaching Hospital. Methods. From April to August 2016, researchers at Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH) performed a prospective cross-sectional study in a hospital setting. Patients in hospitals had their urine, sputum, wound swabs, and feces collected for clinical purposes. Following this, the usual microbiological procedures were followed in order to isolate and identify the bacterial species. Using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique, we tested the susceptibility of different microorganisms to antimicrobials. Final product. Out of a total of 248 bacterial isolates, 154 (62.1%) were found in male patients and 94 (37.0%) were found in female patients. Specimens were most often found to include Escherichia coli (25.4% of the total) and Staphylococcus aureus (19.0%). Approximately 56.5% of the total bacterial isolates (140) and 60.1% (149) were determined to be ceftriaxone and ceftazidime resistant, respectively. Most of the Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone (73%) and ceftazidime (65%), with 41 (65%) of the isolates showing resistance to both drugs. Of all the germs tested, 19% were Staphylococcus aureus, and of those, 23.4 percent were resistant to ceftriaxone and 33.4 percent to ceftazidime, respectively. Out of the bacterial strains that showed resistance to ceftriazone and ceftazidime, about 109 (44% of the total) were also resistant to two, three, or four additional medicines. In summary. More and more bacterial strains are showing resistance to thirdgeneration cephalosporins, such as ceftriaxone and ceftazidime. This indicates that the problem is becoming worse. Treatment may fail because some bacteria have shown multidrug resistance, especially to medicines used in clinical settings. Thus, antimicrobial susceptibility test results should inform the selection of suitable drugs for clinical usage", "lang": "en" }, "license": { "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "start": "2025-06-20", "applies_to": "vor" }, "references": [ { "key": "ref1", "unstructured": "In Essential Drugs Monitor, World Health Organization, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance: A Worldwide Concern, 2000, Geneva, Switzerland" }, { "key": "ref2", "doi": "10.1016/j.ijmm.2010.04.005", "unstructured": "The article “Resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems in Gram-negative bacterial pathogens” was published in 2010 by the International Journal of Medical Microbiology and was written by Y. Pfeifer, A. Cullik, and W. Witte" }, { "key": "ref3", "doi": "10.1016/j.tcmj.2015.01.003", "unstructured": "The article “Emerging diseases in Bangladesh: Current microbiological research perspective” was published in the Tzu Chi Medical Journal in 2015 and was written by R. Noor and M. S. Munna" }, { "key": "ref4", "unstructured": "As stated in S. Levy’s 2002 book The Antibiotic Paradox, published by Perseus Cambridge, the overuse of antibiotics renders them useless for preventing disease" }, { "key": "ref5", "unstructured": "“The challenge of antibiotic resistance; need to contemplate,” published in the Indian Journal of Medical Research in 2005, volume 121, issue 2, pages 83-91" }, { "key": "ref6", "unstructured": "The article “The antibiotic resistance crisis—part 1: causes and threats” was written by C. L. Ventola and was published in 2015 in the journal P&T" }, { "key": "ref7", "doi": "10.4137/pmc.s14459", "unstructured": "The article “Antibiotics and bacterial resistance in the 21st century” was published in 2014 by Perspectives in Medicinal Chemistry and was written by R. J. Fair and Y. Tor" }, { "key": "ref8", "doi": "10.1179/2047773215y.0000000030", "unstructured": "The article “Antimicrobial resistance: A global multifaceted phenomenon” was published in 2015 in the journal Pathogens and worldwide Health and was written by F. Prestinaci, P. Pezzotti, and A. Pantosti" }, { "key": "ref9", "doi": "10.1016/j.cmi.2015.12.002", "unstructured": "The detrimental effects of antibiotic resistance were discussed in a 2016 article by N. D. Friedman, E. Temkin, and Y. Carmeli in Clinical Microbiology and Infection, volume 22, issue 5, pages 416–422" }, { "key": "ref10", "doi": "10.1038/nm1145", "unstructured": "The article “Antibacterial resistance worldwide: causes, challenges and responses” was published in 2004 in the journal Nature Medicine and was written by S. B. Levy and B. Marshall" }, { "key": "ref11", "doi": "10.1186/1476-0711-12-28", "unstructured": "A sustainable surveillance system is urgently needed to address the issue of antimicrobial resistance in human and animal pathogens in Zambia, Mozambique, Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Mozambique and Tanzania, according to an article published in 2013 in the Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials (vol. 12, article 28)" }, { "key": "ref12", "doi": "10.1186/1476-0711-3-7", "unstructured": "“Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients in the United States in 2002,” published in the Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials in 2004, was written by J. A. Karlowsky, M. E. Jones, D. C. Draghi, C. Thornsberry, D. F. Sahm, and G. A. Volturo" }, { "key": "ref13", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0177266", "unstructured": "“Antibiotic resistance rates and physician antibiotic prescription patterns of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in southern Chinese primary care,” published in PLoS ONE, volume 12, issue 5, 2017. [13]C. K. M. Wong, K. Kung, P. L. W. Au-Doung et al" }, { "key": "ref14", "doi": "10.1002/9781118675014.ch2", "unstructured": "In “Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine,” edited by S. Giguere, J. F. Prescott, J. D. Baggot, R. D. Walker, and P. M. Dowling, published by Blackwell Publishing in 2007, “Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and interpretation of results” is referenced as page 14" }, { "key": "ref15", "doi": "10.4103/0976-9668.116970", "unstructured": "In 2013, the Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine published a review titled “Antimicrobial resistance in India: A review” with authors S. Ganesh Kumar, C. Adithan, B. N. Harish, S. Sujatha, G. Roy, and A. Malini. 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