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Consequently, currently available models are not about mobile learning in particular, which also presents a gap that we attempted to fill. The researcher in this study developed a model that estimates usability as a function of aggregated usability influencing factors. The developed model combines important factors from other available models and encompasses most that support mobile learning to come up with a more comprehensive model. To evaluate the effectiveness of the developed model, a mobile learning prototype application was developed, tested and implemented alongside a task list for an objective study and survey questionnaire for a subjective study. The feedback from the experiment and survey was then used to assess and validate the prototype application in terms of high, average or low levels of usability using an advanced statistical tool. 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The trend extends deeply into teaching and learning as mobile learning (a new form of electronic learning) takes shape, introducing an eminent aspect of mobility. Usability defines the aspects of quality in use of the software products; hence usability testing is a major concern in developing organizations for the success of product implementation and use. Most existing usability evaluation models were developed for desktop software development. Consequently, currently available models are not about mobile learning in particular, which also presents a gap that we attempted to fill. The researcher in this study developed a model that estimates usability as a function of aggregated usability influencing factors. The developed model combines important factors from other available models and encompasses most that support mobile learning to come up with a more comprehensive model. To evaluate the effectiveness of the developed model, a mobile learning prototype application was developed, tested and implemented alongside a task list for an objective study and survey questionnaire for a subjective study. The feedback from the experiment and survey was then used to assess and validate the prototype application in terms of high, average or low levels of usability using an advanced statistical tool. The results could be used as guidelines to developing organizations to produce more appropriate applications for mobile learning with high levels of usability", "lang": "en" }, "license": { "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "start": "2023-07-18", "applies_to": "vor" }, "references": [ { "key": "ref1", "unstructured": "Hussain and M. Kutar. Apps vs devices: Can the usability of mobile apps be decoupled from the device. 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Keynote paper: Unlocking the learning value of wireless mobile devices. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 19(3), 260—272, 2003" }, { "key": "ref7", "doi": "10.19173/irrodl.v8i2.356", "unstructured": "J. Attewell, C. Savill-Smith, R. Douch and G. Parker. Modernising education and training: Mobilising technology for learning. LSN, London, 2010. A. Kukulska-Hulme. Mobile usability in educational context: What have we learnt? International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. 8(2), 1—16, 2007" }, { "key": "ref8", "unstructured": "Beyond Human-Computer Interaction, 3rd ed. Wiley, West Sussex, UK, 2011" }, { "key": "ref9", "unstructured": "Boja, C. L Batagan, (2009) ―Analysis of M-Learning Applications Quality,‖ WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on COMPUTERS" }, { "key": "ref10", "doi": "10.1109/grid.2009.5353077", "unstructured": "Black, M., & Edgar, W. (2009) ―Exploring mobile devices as grid resources: Using an x86 virtual" }, { "key": "ref11", "doi": "10.1109/mspec.2005.1502528", "unstructured": "Charette, R. 2005. Why software fails. IEEE Spectrum" }, { "key": "ref12", "doi": "10.18785/jetde.0502.02", "unstructured": "Chou, Chientzu Candace, Lanise Block, and Renee Jesness. \"A case study of mobile learning pilot project in K-12 schools.\" Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 2012" }, { "key": "ref13", "unstructured": "D. Parsons and H. Ryu, ―A framework for assessing the quality of mobile learning,‖ 11th International Conference for Process Improvement, Research and Education (INSPIRE), UK, Southampton Solent University, 2006" }, { "key": "ref14", "doi": "10.2307/249008", "unstructured": "Davis, F. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology" }, { "key": "ref15", "doi": "10.1006/imms.1993.1022", "unstructured": "Davis, F. (1993). User acceptance of information technology: system characteristics, user perception and behavioral impacts" }, { "key": "ref16", "doi": "10.2307/249008", "unstructured": "Davis, F. D. Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology (1989)" }, { "key": "ref17", "doi": "10.1007/978-1-4471-3588-3_3", "unstructured": "Day, D. (1996a). Cultural bases of interface acceptance" }, { "key": "ref18", "unstructured": "Dr. Christof Ebert (2007). Software Quality management" }, { "key": "ref19", "unstructured": "Galin, D. 2004. Software quality assurance—From theory to implementation. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education" }, { "key": "ref20", "unstructured": "Hanson, K., & Shelton, B. E. (2008). Design and Development of Virtual Reality: Analysis of Challenges Faced by Educators. Educational Technology & Society" }, { "key": "ref21", "doi": "10.1016/j.intcom.2009.05.006", "unstructured": "Heo, J., Ham, D.-H., Park, S., Song, C., and Yoon, W. C. 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The trend extends deeply into teaching and learning as mobile learning (a new form of electronic learning) takes shape, introducing an eminent aspect of mobility. Usability defines the aspects of quality in use of the software products; hence usability testing is a major concern in developing organizations for the success of product implementation and use. Most existing usability evaluation models were developed for desktop software development. Consequently, currently available models are not about mobile learning in particular, which also presents a gap that we attempted to fill. The researcher in this study developed a model that estimates usability as a function of aggregated usability influencing factors. The developed model combines important factors from other available models and encompasses most that support mobile learning to come up with a more comprehensive model. To evaluate the effectiveness of the developed model, a mobile learning prototype application was developed, tested and implemented alongside a task list for an objective study and survey questionnaire for a subjective study. The feedback from the experiment and survey was then used to assess and validate the prototype application in terms of high, average or low levels of usability using an advanced statistical tool. The results could be used as guidelines to developing organizations to produce more appropriate applications for mobile learning with high levels of usability", "lang": "en" }, "license": { "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "start": "2023-07-18", "applies_to": "vor" }, "references": [ { "key": "ref1", "unstructured": "Hussain and M. Kutar. Apps vs devices: Can the usability of mobile apps be decoupled from the device. 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Keynote paper: Unlocking the learning value of wireless mobile devices. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 19(3), 260—272, 2003" }, { "key": "ref7", "doi": "10.19173/irrodl.v8i2.356", "unstructured": "J. Attewell, C. Savill-Smith, R. Douch and G. Parker. Modernising education and training: Mobilising technology for learning. LSN, London, 2010. A. Kukulska-Hulme. Mobile usability in educational context: What have we learnt? International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. 8(2), 1—16, 2007" }, { "key": "ref8", "unstructured": "Beyond Human-Computer Interaction, 3rd ed. Wiley, West Sussex, UK, 2011" }, { "key": "ref9", "unstructured": "Boja, C. L Batagan, (2009) ―Analysis of M-Learning Applications Quality,‖ WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on COMPUTERS" }, { "key": "ref10", "doi": "10.1109/grid.2009.5353077", "unstructured": "Black, M., & Edgar, W. (2009) ―Exploring mobile devices as grid resources: Using an x86 virtual" }, { "key": "ref11", "doi": "10.1109/mspec.2005.1502528", "unstructured": "Charette, R. 2005. Why software fails. IEEE Spectrum" }, { "key": "ref12", "doi": "10.18785/jetde.0502.02", "unstructured": "Chou, Chientzu Candace, Lanise Block, and Renee Jesness. \"A case study of mobile learning pilot project in K-12 schools.\" Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 2012" }, { "key": "ref13", "unstructured": "D. Parsons and H. Ryu, ―A framework for assessing the quality of mobile learning,‖ 11th International Conference for Process Improvement, Research and Education (INSPIRE), UK, Southampton Solent University, 2006" }, { "key": "ref14", "doi": "10.2307/249008", "unstructured": "Davis, F. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology" }, { "key": "ref15", "doi": "10.1006/imms.1993.1022", "unstructured": "Davis, F. (1993). 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