{ "ok": true, "doi": "10.46243/jst.2021.v6.i2.pp123-131", "events": [ { "seq": 1, "kind": "register", "at": "2026-09-29 22:00:37", "by": "Administrator (admin)", "by_kind": "user", "note": "registered at Crossref; record read from api.crossref.org", "changes": [ { "path": "abstract.lang", "from": null, "to": "en" }, { "path": "abstract.value", "from": null, "to": "Ailanthus excelsaRoxb., commonly known as tree of heaven, is a large deciduous tree native to India. Leaves are rated as highly palatable and protein rich nutritious fodder for sheep and goats and are said to augment milk production. Though it is rich in protein, some of the cattle may not prefer to feed on its leaves due to unpleasant odour. Therefore, we aimed to develop a value added product as protein supplement to animal feed using the leaves of A. excelsa. It is pertinent to analyse the amino acid variation to ascertain the protein rich nutritious fodder value of A. excelsaas an indicator. Thirty potential source of A. excelsawere screened for amino acid composition using chromatographic analysis. HPLC analysis of 30 potential sources of Ailanthus excelsashowed variation in amino acids and protein. Essential amino acids were found in 24 sources, non-essential amino acids in 28 sources and both in 22 sources. Among the essential amino acids reported in A.excelsa,threonine was found in 19 sources, followed by methionine in 6 sources, histidine in 7, phenylalanine in 6 and lysine, triptophan and leucine in only one source respectively. Among the nonessential amino acids proline, serine and glutamic acids were present in 19 sources each, aspartic acid 17 sources, cysteine HCl in 18 sources, norleucine in 9 and glycine in 3 sources respectively. The protein in leaves of A. excelsacollected during summer season was ranged from 0.55 mg/g to 3.45 mg/g with an average of 1.48mg/g and 0.4 mg/g to 3.9 mg/g with an average of 1.69 mg/g in winter season. Therefore it is found from the present study that among the thirty sources of A. excelsaleaves collected, twenty four were found to have essential amino acids with high total protein content and hence considered as highly protein rich nutritious fodder for cattle." }, { "path": "agents.0.name.family", "from": null, "to": "Sumathi" }, { "path": "agents.0.name.given", "from": null, "to": "R" }, { "path": "agents.0.role", "from": null, "to": "author" }, { "path": "agents.0.sequence", "from": null, "to": "first" }, { "path": "agents.1.name.family", "from": null, "to": "Brindha" }, { "path": "agents.1.name.given", "from": null, "to": "B" }, { "path": "agents.1.role", "from": null, "to": "author" }, { "path": "agents.1.sequence", "from": null, "to": "additional" }, { "path": "agents.2.name.family", "from": null, "to": "Suresh Babu" }, { "path": "agents.2.name.given", "from": null, "to": "D" }, { "path": "agents.2.role", "from": null, "to": "author" }, { "path": "agents.2.sequence", "from": null, "to": "additional" }, { "path": "agents.3.name.family", "from": null, "to": "Senthilkumar" }, { "path": "agents.3.name.given", "from": null, "to": "N" }, { "path": "agents.3.role", "from": null, "to": "author" }, { "path": "agents.3.sequence", "from": null, "to": "additional" }, { "path": "agents.4.name.org", "from": null, "to": "Longman Publishers" }, { "path": "agents.4.role", "from": null, "to": "publisher" }, { "path": "characters.0", "from": null, "to": "Language" }, { "path": "container.identifiers.0.medium", "from": null, "to": "electronic" }, { "path": "container.identifiers.0.type", "from": null, "to": "ISSN" }, { "path": "container.identifiers.0.value", "from": null, "to": "2456-5660" }, { "path": "container.issue", "from": null, "to": "02" }, { "path": "container.pages.first", "from": null, "to": "123" }, { "path": "container.pages.last", "from": null, "to": "131" }, { "path": "container.titles.0.type", "from": null, "to": "PrincipalTitle" }, { "path": "container.titles.0.value", "from": null, "to": "Journal of Science & Technology" }, { "path": "container.type", "from": null, "to": "Journal" }, { "path": "container.volume", "from": null, "to": "06" }, { "path": "dates.date_type", "from": null, "to": "PublicationDate" }, { "path": "dates.online", "from": null, "to": "2021-02-02" }, { "path": "dates.published", "from": null, "to": "2021-02-02" }, { "path": "doi", "from": null, "to": "10.46243/jst.2021.v6.i2.pp123-131" }, { "path": "format", "from": null, "to": "smartscholars-doi-metadata/1.0" }, { "path": "identifiers.0.type", "from": null, "to": "DOI" }, { "path": "identifiers.0.value", "from": null, "to": "10.46243/jst.2021.v6.i2.pp123-131" }, { "path": "language", "from": null, "to": "en" }, { "path": "license.applies_to", "from": null, "to": "vor" }, { "path": "license.start", "from": null, "to": "2021-02-02" }, { "path": "license.url", "from": null, "to": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, { "path": "links.0.primary", "from": null, "to": true }, { "path": "links.0.return_type", "from": null, "to": "text/html" }, { "path": "links.0.url", "from": null, "to": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/346" }, { "path": "links.1.purpose", "from": null, "to": "text-mining" }, { "path": "links.1.return_type", "from": null, "to": "application/pdf" }, { "path": "links.1.url", "from": null, "to": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/346/307" }, { "path": "links.2.purpose", "from": null, "to": "text-mining" }, { "path": "links.2.return_type", "from": null, "to": "application/xml" }, { "path": "links.2.url", "from": null, "to": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/346/2477" }, { "path": "links.3.purpose", "from": null, "to": "similarity-checking" }, { "path": "links.3.url", "from": null, "to": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/346/307" }, { "path": "modes.0", "from": null, "to": "Visual" }, { "path": "record.issue_number", "from": null, "to": 1 }, { "path": "record.registered", "from": null, "to": "2026-09-10" }, { "path": "record.registrant", "from": null, "to": "Longman Publishers" }, { "path": "record.source", "from": null, "to": "crossref-api" }, { "path": "record.source_agency", "from": null, "to": "Crossref (member 25296)" }, { "path": "record.updated", "from": null, "to": "2026-09-20" }, { "path": "references.0.key", "from": null, "to": "ref1" }, { "path": "references.0.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "Anil K, Ousama Alzahal, Singh KK, Brian Mcbride. 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Legume trees and other fodder trees as protein sources for livestock. Proceedings of an FAO Expert Consultation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1992; p. 1-10. Rome, FAO" }, { "path": "references.6.key", "from": null, "to": "ref7" }, { "path": "references.6.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "Bhandari DS, Gupta ML. Studies on the digestibility and nutritive value of ardu Ailanthus excels (Roxb.) Ind.Vet. J. 1972;49(5): 512-516" }, { "path": "references.7.doi", "from": null, "to": "10.1002/9780470650363.ch7" }, { "path": "references.7.key", "from": null, "to": "ref8" }, { "path": "references.7.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "Bjarnason M, Vasal SK. Breeding for quality protein maize. Plant Breed. Rev. 1992; 9: 181–216" }, { "path": "references.8.key", "from": null, "to": "ref9" }, { "path": "references.8.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "Brindha B, Sumathi R, Lakshmidevi R, Suresh Babu D, Senthilkumar N, Murugesan S. Profiling bio-active compounds of Ailanthus excelsa leaves roxb. (Simaroubaceae) for livestock health. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, (2019); 8(1): 218–228" }, { "path": "references.9.key", "from": null, "to": "ref10" }, { "path": "references.9.unstructured", "from": null, "to": "Chadokar PA, Kantharaju HR. Effect of Glyricidia maculate on the growth and breeding of Bannur ewes. 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Leaves are rated as highly palatable and protein rich nutritious fodder for sheep and goats and are said to augment milk production. Though it is rich in protein, some of the cattle may not prefer to feed on its leaves due to unpleasant odour. Therefore, we aimed to develop a value added product as protein supplement to animal feed using the leaves of A. excelsa. It is pertinent to analyse the amino acid variation to ascertain the protein rich nutritious fodder value of A. excelsaas an indicator. Thirty potential source of A. excelsawere screened for amino acid composition using chromatographic analysis. HPLC analysis of 30 potential sources of Ailanthus excelsashowed variation in amino acids and protein. Essential amino acids were found in 24 sources, non-essential amino acids in 28 sources and both in 22 sources. Among the essential amino acids reported in A.excelsa,threonine was found in 19 sources, followed by methionine in 6 sources, histidine in 7, phenylalanine in 6 and lysine, triptophan and leucine in only one source respectively. Among the nonessential amino acids proline, serine and glutamic acids were present in 19 sources each, aspartic acid 17 sources, cysteine HCl in 18 sources, norleucine in 9 and glycine in 3 sources respectively. The protein in leaves of A. excelsacollected during summer season was ranged from 0.55 mg/g to 3.45 mg/g with an average of 1.48mg/g and 0.4 mg/g to 3.9 mg/g with an average of 1.69 mg/g in winter season. Therefore it is found from the present study that among the thirty sources of A. excelsaleaves collected, twenty four were found to have essential amino acids with high total protein content and hence considered as highly protein rich nutritious fodder for cattle.", "lang": "en" }, "license": { "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "start": "2021-02-02", "applies_to": "vor" }, "references": [ { "key": "ref1", "unstructured": "Anil K, Ousama Alzahal, Singh KK, Brian Mcbride. Amino acid profile of chaya and its protein degradation rates in dairy cattle. The Indian journal of animal sciences. 2010; 80(8):737-740" }, { "key": "ref2", "doi": "10.1016/0921-4488(94)00022-y", "unstructured": "Aregheore EM. Effect of sex on growth rate, voluntary feed intake and nutrient digestibility of West African Dwarf sheep fed crop residue rations. 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Rome, FAO" }, { "key": "ref7", "unstructured": "Bhandari DS, Gupta ML. Studies on the digestibility and nutritive value of ardu Ailanthus excels (Roxb.) Ind.Vet. J. 1972;49(5): 512-516" }, { "key": "ref8", "doi": "10.1002/9780470650363.ch7", "unstructured": "Bjarnason M, Vasal SK. Breeding for quality protein maize. Plant Breed. Rev. 1992; 9: 181–216" }, { "key": "ref9", "unstructured": "Brindha B, Sumathi R, Lakshmidevi R, Suresh Babu D, Senthilkumar N, Murugesan S. Profiling bio-active compounds of Ailanthus excelsa leaves roxb. (Simaroubaceae) for livestock health. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, (2019); 8(1): 218–228" }, { "key": "ref10", "unstructured": "Chadokar PA, Kantharaju HR. Effect of Glyricidia maculate on the growth and breeding of Bannur ewes. Tropical Grasslands, 1980;.14:78-82" }, { "key": "ref11", "doi": "10.1016/j.jopr.2013.04.038", "unstructured": "Chandran RP. Manju S, Vysakhi MV, Shaji PK, Nair GA. In vitro antioxidant potential of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Ardisia solanacea Roxb. leaf. Journal of Pharmacy Research. 2013;6:555-558" }, { "key": "ref12", "doi": "10.1007/bf02858684", "unstructured": "Felker P. Uses of Tree Legumes in Semiarid Regions. Economic Botany. 1981;35(1):174-179" }, { "key": "ref13", "doi": "10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i6.2016.2643", "unstructured": "Fereja GB. Use of biotechnology in livestock production and productivities: A review. International Journal of Research Granthaalayah. 2016; 4(6):100-109" }, { "key": "ref14", "unstructured": "Graham Andrews. The Use of Trees and Shrubs For Livestock Production. Australian Biologist. 1998;11( 2):4" }, { "key": "ref15", "doi": "10.1007/bf02855411", "unstructured": "Guoqiang F, Jianqing J. Relationship between witches’ broom protein and dynamic of some amino acids in paulownia tree leaves. J. Forest. 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Amino acid nutrition of the lactation cow. Proc Cornell Nutr. Conf. 2001;188-197" }, { "key": "ref28", "unstructured": "Sumathi R, Rajasugunasekar D, Brindha B, Lakshmidevi R, Suresh Babu D, Senthilkumar N, Murugesan S.. Ailanthus excels Roxb. (Simaroubaceae) Leaf: as a Potential Fodder Additive. World Journal of Research and Review, 201;75(3): 01-05" }, { "key": "ref29", "doi": "10.3920/9789086867066_006", "unstructured": "Wu G, Bazer FW, Burghardt RC, Johnson GA, Kim SW, Knabe DA, Li XL, Satterfield MC, Smith SB and Spencer TE. In: Dynamics in Animal Nutrition. Doppenberg J, van der Aar P, editor. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers;.Functional amino acids in swine nutrition and production; 2010; pp. 69–98" }, { "key": "ref30", "doi": "10.1007/s00726-013-1500-6", "unstructured": "Wu G. Functional amino acids in nutrition and health. 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Euphytica 1997; 97:177–182" } ], "record": { "registrant": "Longman Publishers", "registered": "2026-09-10", "updated": "2026-09-20", "issue_number": 1, "source": "crossref-api", "source_agency": "Crossref (member 25296)" } }, "url_after": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/346", "sha256_before": null, "sha256_after": "73061d330d7cc36211256150c2a8bab5078056b2afe0b0be5fd5e6fc13378941" }, { "seq": 2, "kind": "update", "at": "2026-09-29 23:59:57", "by": "Administrator (admin)", "by_kind": "user", "note": "record re-read from api.crossref.org", "changes": [ { "path": "container.titles.0.value", "from": "Journal of Science & Technology", "to": "Journal of Science & Technology" } ], "record_after": { "format": "smartscholars-doi-metadata/1.0", "doi": "10.46243/jst.2021.v6.i2.pp123-131", "referent": "Creation", "type": "JournalArticle", "structural_type": "Digital", "modes": [ "Visual" ], "characters": [ "Language" ], "titles": [ { "value": "Determination of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.,leaves collected from different agro climatic zones of Tamilnadu as fodder with reference to amino acid composition", "type": "PrincipalTitle", "lang": "en" } ], "identifiers": [ { "type": "DOI", "value": "10.46243/jst.2021.v6.i2.pp123-131" } ], "agents": [ { "role": "author", "name": { "given": "R", "family": "Sumathi" }, "sequence": "first" }, { "role": "author", "name": { "given": "B", "family": "Brindha" }, "sequence": "additional" }, { "role": "author", "name": { "given": "D", "family": "Suresh Babu" }, "sequence": "additional" }, { "role": "author", "name": { "given": "N", "family": "Senthilkumar" }, "sequence": "additional" }, { "role": "publisher", "name": { "org": "Longman Publishers" } } ], "dates": { "published": "2021-02-02", "date_type": "PublicationDate", "online": "2021-02-02" }, "language": "en", "container": { "type": "Journal", "titles": [ { "value": "Journal of Science & Technology", "type": "PrincipalTitle" } ], "identifiers": [ { "type": "ISSN", "value": "2456-5660", "medium": "electronic" } ], "volume": "06", "issue": "02", "pages": { "first": "123", "last": "131" } }, "links": [ { "url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/346", "return_type": "text/html", "primary": true }, { "url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/346/307", "purpose": "text-mining", "return_type": "application/pdf" }, { "url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/download/346/2477", "purpose": "text-mining", "return_type": "application/xml" }, { "url": "https://www.jst.org.in/index.php/pub/article/view/346/307", "purpose": "similarity-checking" } ], "abstract": { "value": "Ailanthus excelsaRoxb., commonly known as tree of heaven, is a large deciduous tree native to India. Leaves are rated as highly palatable and protein rich nutritious fodder for sheep and goats and are said to augment milk production. Though it is rich in protein, some of the cattle may not prefer to feed on its leaves due to unpleasant odour. Therefore, we aimed to develop a value added product as protein supplement to animal feed using the leaves of A. excelsa. It is pertinent to analyse the amino acid variation to ascertain the protein rich nutritious fodder value of A. excelsaas an indicator. Thirty potential source of A. excelsawere screened for amino acid composition using chromatographic analysis. HPLC analysis of 30 potential sources of Ailanthus excelsashowed variation in amino acids and protein. Essential amino acids were found in 24 sources, non-essential amino acids in 28 sources and both in 22 sources. Among the essential amino acids reported in A.excelsa,threonine was found in 19 sources, followed by methionine in 6 sources, histidine in 7, phenylalanine in 6 and lysine, triptophan and leucine in only one source respectively. Among the nonessential amino acids proline, serine and glutamic acids were present in 19 sources each, aspartic acid 17 sources, cysteine HCl in 18 sources, norleucine in 9 and glycine in 3 sources respectively. The protein in leaves of A. excelsacollected during summer season was ranged from 0.55 mg/g to 3.45 mg/g with an average of 1.48mg/g and 0.4 mg/g to 3.9 mg/g with an average of 1.69 mg/g in winter season. Therefore it is found from the present study that among the thirty sources of A. excelsaleaves collected, twenty four were found to have essential amino acids with high total protein content and hence considered as highly protein rich nutritious fodder for cattle.", "lang": "en" }, "license": { "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "start": "2021-02-02", "applies_to": "vor" }, "references": [ { "key": "ref1", "unstructured": "Anil K, Ousama Alzahal, Singh KK, Brian Mcbride. Amino acid profile of chaya and its protein degradation rates in dairy cattle. The Indian journal of animal sciences. 2010; 80(8):737-740" }, { "key": "ref2", "doi": "10.1016/0921-4488(94)00022-y", "unstructured": "Aregheore EM. Effect of sex on growth rate, voluntary feed intake and nutrient digestibility of West African Dwarf sheep fed crop residue rations. Small Ruminant Research. 1995;15:217-221" }, { "key": "ref3", "doi": "10.51791/njap.v30i2.1488", "unstructured": "Babayemi OJ, Daniel IO, Bamikole MA, Ogungbesan A, Oduguwa BO. Preliminary studies on Tephrosia species: Effect of seed treatments on germination. Nig. J. Anim. Prod. 2003a;30:209-216" }, { "key": "ref4", "unstructured": "Babayemi OJ, Bamikole MA, Oduguwa BO. Intensive feeding effect of Tephrosia bracteolate Perr & Guill on West Africa dwarf goats. Nig. J. Ecology.2003b;5:28-33" }, { "key": "ref5", "unstructured": "Balogun RO, Otchere EO. Effect of Leucaena leucocephala in the diet on feed intake, growth and feed efficiency of Yankasa rams. Tropical Grasslands. 1995;29:150-154" }, { "key": "ref6", "unstructured": "Baumer M. Trees as browse to support animal production. In A. Speedy & P. -L. Pugliese, eds. Legume trees and other fodder trees as protein sources for livestock. Proceedings of an FAO Expert Consultation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1992; p. 1-10. Rome, FAO" }, { "key": "ref7", "unstructured": "Bhandari DS, Gupta ML. Studies on the digestibility and nutritive value of ardu Ailanthus excels (Roxb.) Ind.Vet. J. 1972;49(5): 512-516" }, { "key": "ref8", "doi": "10.1002/9780470650363.ch7", "unstructured": "Bjarnason M, Vasal SK. Breeding for quality protein maize. Plant Breed. Rev. 1992; 9: 181–216" }, { "key": "ref9", "unstructured": "Brindha B, Sumathi R, Lakshmidevi R, Suresh Babu D, Senthilkumar N, Murugesan S. Profiling bio-active compounds of Ailanthus excelsa leaves roxb. (Simaroubaceae) for livestock health. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, (2019); 8(1): 218–228" }, { "key": "ref10", "unstructured": "Chadokar PA, Kantharaju HR. Effect of Glyricidia maculate on the growth and breeding of Bannur ewes. Tropical Grasslands, 1980;.14:78-82" }, { "key": "ref11", "doi": "10.1016/j.jopr.2013.04.038", "unstructured": "Chandran RP. Manju S, Vysakhi MV, Shaji PK, Nair GA. In vitro antioxidant potential of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Ardisia solanacea Roxb. leaf. Journal of Pharmacy Research. 2013;6:555-558" }, { "key": "ref12", "doi": "10.1007/bf02858684", "unstructured": "Felker P. Uses of Tree Legumes in Semiarid Regions. Economic Botany. 1981;35(1):174-179" }, { "key": "ref13", "doi": "10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i6.2016.2643", "unstructured": "Fereja GB. Use of biotechnology in livestock production and productivities: A review. International Journal of Research Granthaalayah. 2016; 4(6):100-109" }, { "key": "ref14", "unstructured": "Graham Andrews. The Use of Trees and Shrubs For Livestock Production. Australian Biologist. 1998;11( 2):4" }, { "key": "ref15", "doi": "10.1007/bf02855411", "unstructured": "Guoqiang F, Jianqing J. Relationship between witches’ broom protein and dynamic of some amino acids in paulownia tree leaves. J. Forest. Res. 1997;8: 164–166" }, { "key": "ref16", "unstructured": "Hamad M, Idres Hasan, Mariea, Farage El-Mehdawy, Eman K. Saad. Amino Acid Contents of Leaves and Stems for Three Types of Herbal Plants at Al-Gabal Al-Akhder Region. World Journal of Chemistry. 2014;9 (1): 15-19" }, { "key": "ref17", "doi": "10.1080/01652176.1992.9694333", "unstructured": "Kaasschieter GA, de Jong R, Schiere JB, Zwart D. Towards a sustainable livesto ck production in developing countries and the importance of animal health strategy therein. Veterinary Quarterly. 1992;14(2):66-75" }, { "key": "ref18", "doi": "10.1007/s00726-017-2401-x", "unstructured": "Kumar V, Sharma A, Kaur R, Thukral A. K, Bhardwaj R, Ahmad P. Differential distribution of amino acids in plants. Amino Acids. 2017;49(5):821–869" }, { "key": "ref19", "doi": "10.1016/0377-8401(95)00897-7", "unstructured": "Kung L, Rode LM. Amino acid metabolism in ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 1996;59(1-3): 167–172" }, { "key": "ref20", "doi": "10.1021/ac50047a019", "unstructured": "Lindroth P, Mopper K. High performance liquid chromatographic determination of subpicomole amounts of amino acids by prccolumn fluorescence derivatization with o-phthaldialdehydc. Anal. Chem. 1979;51: 1667-1674" }, { "key": "ref21", "doi": "10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6", "unstructured": "Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 1951;193:265–275" }, { "key": "ref22", "doi": "10.1016/s0921-4488(96)00934-0", "unstructured": "Mandal L. Nutritive value of tree leaves of some tropical species for goats. Small Ruminant Research, 1997; 24: 95−10" }, { "key": "ref23", "doi": "10.1016/0301-6226(93)90065-p", "unstructured": "Rulquin H, Pisulewski PM, Vérité R, Guinard J. Milk production and composition as a function of postruminal lysine and methionine supply: a nutrient-response approach. Livestock Production Science. 1993; 37(1-2):69-90" }, { "key": "ref24", "doi": "10.1061/(asce)0742-597x(2006)22:4(168)", "unstructured": "Salem O, Solomon J, Genaidy A Meenakshi. Lean construction : from theory to implementation. Journal of Management in Engineering. 2006; 22(4):168-175" }, { "key": "ref25", "doi": "10.3168/jds.2017-13320", "unstructured": "Schwab CG Broderick GA. A 100-Year Review: Protein and amino acid nutriti on in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 2017;100(12):10094–10112. Published by: Longman Publishers www.jst.org.in 131 | 9" }, { "key": "ref26", "doi": "10.3109/1040841x.2013.791247", "unstructured": "Sharma RK, Arora DS. Fungal degradation of Lignocellulosic residues: an aspect of improved nutritive quality. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2013;1-9" }, { "key": "ref27", "unstructured": "Sniffen CJ. & Chalupa WH & Ueda T. & Suzuki H. & Shinzato I, & Fujieda, Takeshi & Julien, William & Rode, Lyle & Robinson P. & Harrison J. & Freeden A. & Nocek J. Amino acid nutrition of the lactation cow. Proc Cornell Nutr. Conf. 2001;188-197" }, { "key": "ref28", "unstructured": "Sumathi R, Rajasugunasekar D, Brindha B, Lakshmidevi R, Suresh Babu D, Senthilkumar N, Murugesan S.. Ailanthus excels Roxb. (Simaroubaceae) Leaf: as a Potential Fodder Additive. World Journal of Research and Review, 201;75(3): 01-05" }, { "key": "ref29", "doi": "10.3920/9789086867066_006", "unstructured": "Wu G, Bazer FW, Burghardt RC, Johnson GA, Kim SW, Knabe DA, Li XL, Satterfield MC, Smith SB and Spencer TE. In: Dynamics in Animal Nutrition. Doppenberg J, van der Aar P, editor. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers;.Functional amino acids in swine nutrition and production; 2010; pp. 69–98" }, { "key": "ref30", "doi": "10.1007/s00726-013-1500-6", "unstructured": "Wu G. Functional amino acids in nutrition and health. 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